Uric Acid

Uric acid is a waste product created when your body breaks down purines, natural compounds found in certain foods (red meat, organ meats, shellfish, beer) and in your own cells as they turn over. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood, passes through the kidneys, and leaves in your urine. Problems arise when levels climb too high and the excess begins to form needle-like crystals in joints and tissues. Your kidneys handle about two-thirds of uric acid removal, so anything that impairs kidney function can cause levels to rise.

A diet rich in purine-heavy foods and alcohol (particularly beer and spirits) also contributes. Interestingly, uric acid is increasingly recognised as a marker of broader metabolic health, elevated levels are associated with insulin resistance, raised blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk, even before joint symptoms appear. Moderately raised uric acid on its own does not necessarily mean you will experience joint problems. Many people carry slightly elevated levels without symptoms. However, persistently high readings deserve attention because they can signal underlying metabolic changes worth addressing early.

Low uric acid is uncommon and usually not a concern. It can occasionally be seen with very low purine diets, certain kidney conditions that cause excessive excretion, or medication effects. Lifestyle adjustments, staying well hydrated, moderating alcohol, reducing purine-rich foods, and maintaining a healthy weight, can make a meaningful difference to uric acid levels. Regular exercise and good metabolic health are also protective. If your uric acid is outside the expected range, your GP can advise on whether dietary changes, further metabolic assessment, or medication may be appropriate.